I did my college project way back in 2010 with Indian Space Research Organisation, Kerala wherein I worked on designing a Reaction wheel for satellite orbit stabilisation ( works on the principle of conservation of Angular momentum - like a flywheel )- the whole designing and the stress testing was done virtually using design softwares - which helped in Optimisation, Design, Testing, Predictive maintenance and helped in a very efficient production and maintenance / imporvement of the actual physical product. This can be equivalently applied in manufacturing across the sectors.
This virtual product can be called as Digital Twin of the real one. DT is a virtual replica of a process or a physical product or a human being mimicing exact condition, consitutent and composition - so that it can be managed virtually.
In healthcare such as during the Covid pandemic - we can use DT of a physical healthcare centre to manage/plan the availability of beds, expansion of facility, resource sharing between etwork hospitals, and for humans it can be used for personalised medical care for example cancer or diabetes treatment.
Urban planning examples are that of Singapore & Kerala in India where you can virtually plan / test / manage water transporation, waste management, traffic and even war time rescue and planning can be doneusing DT.
