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100 Essential Linux Commands: A Comprehensive Guid...
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Chetan_Tiwary_
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100 Essential Linux Commands: A Comprehensive Guide
User Management
useradd:
Create a new user account.
userdel:
Delete a user account.
usermod:
Modify user account information.
passwd:
Change a user's password.
groupadd:
Add a new group.
groupdel:
Delete a group.
groupmod:
Modify group information.
id:
Print user and group information.
su:
Switch user.
sudo:
Execute commands with elevated privileges.
File and Directory Management
ls:
List directory contents.
cd:
Change directory.
pwd:
Print working directory.
mkdir:
Create a directory.
rmdir:
Remove an empty directory.
rm:
Remove files or directories.
cp:
Copy files or directories.
mv:
Move or rename files and directories.
touch:
Update file timestamps.
chmod:
Change file permissions.
chown:
Change file ownership.
chattr:
Change file attributes.
ln:
Create symbolic links.
find:
Find files based on criteria.
locate:
Find files using a database.
grep:
Search for patterns in files.
sed:
Stream editor for text manipulation.
awk:
Text processing language.
cut:
Extract columns from text.
paste:
Merge lines of text files.
sort:
Sort lines of text.
uniq:
Filter out repeated lines.
wc:
Count words, lines, and characters in a file.
diff:
Compare files line by line.
patch:
Apply patches to files.
head:
Display the first few lines of a file.
tail:
Display the last few lines of a file.
less:
View files one page at a time.
more:
Similar to
less
, but with fewer features.
cat:
Concatenate and display files.
tac:
Concatenate and display files in reverse order.
Text Editing
vi/vim:
Powerful text editor.
nano:
Simple text editor.
emacs:
Advanced text editor.
System Information and Monitoring
top:
Display system processes.
htop:
Interactive process viewer.
vmstat:
Show system memory, processes, interrupts, paging, block I/O, and CPU info.
mpstat:
Monitor per-processor statistics.
iostat:
Monitor block I/O statistics.
netstat:
Show network statistics.
ifconfig:
Configure network interfaces.
ip:
Advanced network configuration tool.
ss:
Show socket statistics.
lsof:
List open files.
free:
Display system memory usage.
df:
Display disk usage.
du:
Estimate disk space usage.
uptime:
Show system uptime and load average.
date:
Display or set system date and time.
cal:
Display a calendar.
System Administration
lspci
:
List all PCI devices
.
lsusb:
List USB devices
.
passwd:
Change passwords.
systemctl:
Control systemd services.
journalctl:
View systemd journal logs.
crontab:
Schedule tasks to run periodically.
at:
Schedule one-time commands to run at a specific time.
dmesg:
Print kernel ring buffer.
mkfs:
Create a filesystem.
fsck:
Check and repair a filesystem.
mount:
Mount a filesystem.
umount:
Unmount a filesystem.
fdisk:
Partition disk drives.
parted:
Partition disk drives (more advanced).
blkid:
Print block device information.
dd:
Copy and convert files.
tar:
Archive and compress files.
gzip/gunzip:
Compress and decompress files.
bzip2/bunzip2:
Another compression utility.
xz/unxz:
Another compression utility.
zip/unzip:
Zip and unzip files.
unrar:
Extract RAR archives.
7z:
7-Zip file archiver.
screen:
Terminal multiplexer.
tmux:
Terminal multiplexer.
nohup:
Run commands in the background.
nice/renice:
Change process priority.
sleep:
Pause execution for a specified time.
wait:
Wait for background jobs to finish.
kill:
Send signals to processes.
killall:
Kill all processes matching a name.
pkill:
Kill processes based on a pattern.
bg:
Send a job to the background.
fg:
Bring a job to the foreground.
jobs:
List background jobs.
nc:
Netcat, a network utility for reading from and writing to network connections.
ping:
Check network connectivity.
traceroute:
Trace the route packets take to a destination.
nslookup:
Query Domain Name System (DNS) servers.
dig
: DNS lookup utility.
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