Just to add spices to @Prasannan 's recipe : Kernel's job to OS is like the IC engine job to the vehicle :
Physical Memory Management:
* Allocating and deallocating physical memory pages to processes.
* Implementing memory protection mechanisms to prevent unauthorized process memory access.
*Handling page faults and managing the page cache for efficient I/O.
Virtual Memory Management:
* Creating virtual address spaces for processes and mapping them to physical addresses using page tables.
* Implementing demand paging and managing swap space to extend physical memory.
Process Management:
* Creating new processes, assigning PIDs, and allocating resources.
* Scheduling processes for CPU execution using various algorithms.
* Terminating processes and releasing their resources.
Inter-Process Communication (IPC):
* Facilitating communication between processes using mechanisms like pipes, sockets, and shared memory.
Device Drivers:
* Providing a standardized interface for applications to interact with hardware devices.
* Handling device discovery, configuration, and I/O operations.
Driver Management:
* Dynamically loading and unloading device drivers as needed.
System Call Handling:
* Receiving and processing system call requests from user-space applications.
* Validating parameters and invoking appropriate kernel functions.
Security Enforcement:
* Implementing security policies to protect the system from unauthorized access.
* Using mechanisms like MAC, and SELinux for access control.
