Ok, I waited enough for someone to respond to this very very important conceptual query.
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User space is where regular applications run, while the kernel space is the core of the operating system. User-level applications have limited access and interact with the kernel through system calls to request services. The kernel, with its privileged access, handles these requests and manages system resources.
Kernel-level code operates with unrestricted privileges, granting it complete access to the system's resources. This includes the ability to manipulate memory, interact directly with hardware peripherals, execute any processor instruction, and modify system control settings. This level of access is essential for the kernel to perform its critical functions and manage the overall operation of the system.
User-space programs operate in a restricted environment, lacking direct access to hardware or critical system components. This isolation prevents them from interfering with the system's core functions or other processes.
Last but not least - regarding the privilege separation :
The division between user space and kernel space is a crucial aspect of operating system design. This separation offers several advantages, such as enhanced security, increased stability, and potential performance improvements. By isolating user-level applications from the kernel, the operating system can safeguard its core functions and minimize the impact of potential errors or malicious activities. This separation also allows the kernel to operate efficiently without interference, potentially leading to better overall system performance.
