Tools for Diagnosing and Resolving Performance Bottlenecks in RHEL
CPU Performance
top / htop – Shows real-time CPU usage per process
mpstat (from sysstat package) – Displays CPU usage across cores
pidstat – Monitors CPU usage per process over time
perf – Provides in-depth CPU performance profiling
Memory Usage
free -m – Displays memory usage and swap utilization
vmstat – Reports memory, CPU, and I/O statistics
sar -r – Collects and reports memory statistics over time
smem – Analyzes memory usage per process
Disk I/O Performance
iostat – Reports disk I/O utilization and latency
iotop – Displays real-time disk usage per process
blktrace / blkstat – Provides detailed block I/O tracing
df -h / du -sh – Checks disk space usage
Network Performance
netstat -s / ss – Displays active network connections and statistics
iftop – Monitors real-time network bandwidth usage
ip -s link – Displays network interface statistics
nload – Provides a graphical real-time network traffic overview
System-Wide Performance Monitoring
dstat – Combines CPU, disk, network, and memory stats in real-time
sar (from sysstat package) – Collects historical performance data
strace – Traces system calls of a process to detect slow operations
lsof – Lists open files to find processes causing resource contention
tuned-adm – Optimizes system performance based on predefined profiles
